What are the properties and characteristics of FRP pipes?

 (1) Light and high, easy to transport and install (<20% of steel, 10% of concrete)

The specific gravity of FRP pipe is 1.7-1.9. Compared with other material pipes of the same pressure and caliber, the weight of FRP pipe is about 30% of that of steel pipe, so it is very convenient for transportation and installation. The length of each FRP pipe can be up to 12m, which is quick and easy to install. In addition, it can also eliminate the welding, rust prevention and anti-corrosion treatment required for steel pipe installation. The weight of the pipe is only 1/4 of that of ductile iron pipe and 1/10 of that of cement pipe, which is convenient for transportation and unloading and easy to install. The installation technology of FRP pipe is mature, convenient and fast, reducing pipe joints, speeding up the installation and improving the quality of the whole pipe

 

(2) Corrosion resistance.

Perhaps the main reason for using fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRP) is because of their inherent corrosion resistance. In many cases, they are the only material that can handle a given service environment; in other cases, their corrosion resistance combined with their economics make them the most economically acceptable solution.The corrosion resistance of FRPs is a function of the resin content and the specific resin used in the laminate. In general, the higher the resin content, the more corrosion resistant the laminate.

 

Chemically inert materials with excellent corrosion resistance and different corrosion resistant pipes are available for transporting media. The conventional thickness of the corrosion-resistant layer is 5 mm. the resin content is greater than 90%, which mainly plays a role in corrosion and leakage prevention. The choice of resin is based on the use of different types of resin. Resistant to acid, alkali, salt, seawater, untreated sewage, corrosive soil or groundwater and many chemical liquids

 

(3) High mechanical strength and designability

Good resistance to internal pressure, external pressure, and impact resistance, allowing the design and manufacture of pipes and fittings to the required pressure. The anti-corrosion layer can improve the use of FRP pipes under various conditions by adding wear-resistant materials, anti-static materials, flame retardant materials, etc.

 

The specific properties and shapes of the wound FRP pipes can be designed according to the specific use conditions.

① The winding angle when winding can be designed so that the FRP pipe has different longitudinal/circular strength distribution.

 

②The wall thickness of the FRP pipe can be designed so that the FRP pipe can withstand different internal and external pressures.

 

③Materials can be designed to achieve different corrosion resistance, flame retardancy, dielectric properties, etc.

 

④The front-end way can be designed to adapt to different installation conditions and improve the speed of project installation.

 

(4) Strong temperature adaptability

Operating temperature range: greater than -70 degrees Celsius, less than 180 degrees Celsius, can be used normally, the pipeline does not crack in the frozen medium.

 

(5) Small fluid resistance

The inner surface of FRP pipe is very smooth, the roughness coefficient is small, and the hydraulic coefficient C can be maintained in the range of 145-150 for a long time. Tested, the water friction loss coefficient f is 0.000915, which can significantly reduce the fluid pressure loss along the way and improve transportation. Capacity in more than 20%. Reduce the flow resistance, increase the flow rate and reduce energy consumption. Use smaller diameter pipe to transport the same flow of fluid, than the same size of steel pipe can improve the flow rate of about 10%; it will not scale and reduce the flow rate after long-term use. Excellent protection for cables in disturbed and heavy corrosive environments.

 

(6) Maintain water quality

The material is non-toxic. FRP pipe is made of resin as the base, glass fiber as the reinforcing material, after a special process to ensure the hygiene and non-toxic, smooth inner wall does not accumulate, does not breed microorganisms, to ensure the quality of the fluid, does not affect the water and other media to produce secondary pollution and transport drinking water, can maintain long-term water quality and hygiene. Water transmission FRP pipe adopts food-grade resin, and the testing indexes all reach international standards.

 

(7) Widely used, good weather resistance

FRP pipes have good weather resistance and are suitable for harsh environments such as deserts and saline lands.

 

(8) Material selection

Resin selection: The matrix resin is made of epoxy vinyl resin and phenolic vinyl resin. The fiber is alkali-free fiber or ECR fiber. Meet various anti-corrosion requirements.

 

(9) Low maintenance cost

The service life of FRP pipe can be more than 50 years, which greatly reduces the maintenance cost. Since FRP pipes have excellent corrosion resistance, abrasion resistance, frost resistance and pollution resistance, there is no need for rust prevention, pollution prevention, insulation, insulation and other measures and maintenance. Buried pipes do not need cathodic protection, which can save more than 70% of maintenance costs.

 

(10) Color

The appearance color of FRP pipes can be made into various colors according to the requirements of customers. The color of appearance can be changed by spraying gel coat resin to adapt to various use environments, with neat and beautiful appearance and vivid colors.

FRP Swirl Plate Product Introduction

 

 

Hebei Yongchang Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. production of FRP swirl plate is usually installed in the swirl tower, when working, dusty flue gas rises from the bottom of the tower, due to the guiding effect of the swirl plate blade and the flue gas rotates up. So that the liquid flowing up and down the tower is sprayed into mist droplets, and there is a large contact area between the gas and liquid, the droplets are driven by the air flow to rotate, the centrifugal force generated strengthens the contact between the gas and liquid, thrown to the tower wall along the wall and down to the next layer of the tower. And then atomized by the air flow and the gas-liquid contact. Therefore, the FRP swirl plate plays a role in gas-liquid reaction and dust removal and fog removal in the tower, and whether its design is reasonable will affect the dust removal absorption effect, and it also plays a good dehydration role. Hebei Yongchang Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. adopts special FRP swirl plate design program software, which plays an important role in its selection.

Second, the structure of the FRP swirl plate The FRP swirl plate is composed of a swirling blade, a cover cylinder, a collection tank, a special-shaped nozzle, and a circular overflow tube. Swirl plates can be divided into two types: inward and outward.

Third, the performance characteristics of the FRP swirl plate

1. FRP swirl plate is installed in the dust removal and desulfurization tower, the dust removal and desulfurization efficiency is high.

2. The resistance of dust removal and desulfurization is small, and the resistance is 800~1200Pa.

3. Low water quality requirements, dust removal and desulfurization water can be recycled, achieve high desulfurization efficiency, low operating costs;

4. Strong corrosion resistance, can be used for a long time in high temperature, strong acid, strong alkali, etc. and kinds of environment.

5. High dewatering efficiency, induced draft fan without water.

6. Easy maintenance, easy to install and disassemble the swirl plate; There are manholes at the top of the tower and above each layer of swirl plates, and auxiliary facilities such as maintenance platforms and ladders can be set up to facilitate daily maintenance.

7. Good processing effect, low operating cost, simple operation and reliable.

8. Resin adds high-strength wear-resistant acid and alkali-resistant silicon carbide material.

Fourth, the field of use OF THE FRP swirl plate is installed in a variety of absorption towers, scrubber towers and purification towers, is an important part of the tower for gas-liquid exchange and gas-water separation, desulfurization and fog removal.

Know about FRP Biogas Desulfurization Tower

 

 

Large and medium-sized biogas engineering technology is an energy engineering technology aimed at the development and utilization of organic wastes such as farm manure and kitchen waste, aiming at obtaining energy and controlling environmental pollution, and realizing a virtuous cycle of agricultural ecology. It mainly reduces the organic matter content of fecal water and waste through anaerobic fermentation and related treatment, Meet or approach the discharge standard and obtain biogas according to the technical design process requirements of the main body of anaerobic fermentation and supporting projects.

Biogas contains hydrogen sulfide gas, which must be desulfurized before combustion. In this biogas purification project, biogas treatment process steps: FRP aeration tank > FRP biogas desulfurization tower > FRP biogas washing tower。

Desulfurization process of desulfurization tower: the biogas from anaerobic biogas digester enters the desulfurization system after preliminary dehydration. Hydrogen sulfide gas contacts with desulfurizer and is removed from biogas due to redox reaction. The desulfurization system can provide the best temperature and water gas content for the desulfurization reaction. The loading process of desulfurizer can also provide the best air flow channel and effective contact area of gas-solid reaction for the desulfurization process, which can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of desulfurizer and the purification degree of biogas.

 

Dehydration, impurity removal and buffer process

The pressurized biogas enters the buffer tank to realize the effective separation of gas, liquid and solid. At the same time, the gas pressure stabilization treatment is carried out to meet the stable gas supply to the generator set and ensure the safe and efficient operation of the generator set. The separated water and particles settle to the bottom of the buffer tank through the action of gravity, and the impurity gas partially dissolved in the water is discharged from the bottom of the buffer tank with the water. The purified gas comes out from the top.

How is the FRP pipe connected?

How are FRP pipes connected? What are the ways to connect FRP pipes? Our company specializes in producing all kinds of FRP chemical storage tanks and FRP pipes, which can be customized! Now I will give you an introduction to the connection of FRP pipe.

 

Pipeline installation principles

Pipeline installation order in the spirit of sub-area, sub-system, first large-diameter after small diameter, first lower layer after upper layer, first difficult after easy, first on the pipe corridor after connecting equipment, and the pipeline connected with the machine in principle is matched from the inside out, in order to reduce the impact of welding stress on the accuracy of machine installation, indoor and outdoor pipeline touches should be left outside.

 

First,Pipeline installation requirements

1、 Pipe should be reviewed before installation for equipment orifices, pre-buried parts, reserved holes, steel structures, etc. involved in pipeline installation.

2、The slope of the pipeline should be adjusted according to the requirements of the drawings, and the adjustment method can be used to achieve the slope requirements by using the support, and the welding seam should be set in a place that is convenient for maintenance and observation.

3、The pipeline connected with the transmission equipment, the interior should be treated cleanly before installation, and the welded fixed orifice should generally be kept away from the equipment to avoid the influence of the stress generated by welding on the accuracy of the installation of the transmission equipment.

4、Before the pipeline is connected to the machine, it should be prevented from a strong relative, and the parallelism and coaxiality of the flange should be checked in the free state.

5、Safety valve should be installed vertically, and the safety valve should be adjusted in time when it is put into trial operation. The final tuning of the safety valve on the system, open and return to the seat pressure to meet the provisions of the design documents.

6, before the installation of the valve, check its model according to the design documents and determine its installation direction according to the media flow direction. When the valve and the pipeline to flange or threaded connection, the valve should be installed in the closed state; such as installation by welding, the valve shall not be closed.

7, temporary replacement of instrument components: all instrument components are installed with temporary components instead, and then formally installed after the test pressure, flushing and blowing work is completed, before feeding.

 

Second, the installation of FRP pipes and composite pipes

① FRP pipe should be inspected in appearance and size before construction and accepted according to the factory certificate of conformity.

② Pipeline installation drawings are the basis for pipeline installation works, FRP/PVC pipe laying (including the form of connection, coordinates, elevation, slope, slope direction, etc.) support, FRP/PVC pipe and equipment, pipeline accessories connection, pipeline accessories installation location, support, etc., should be in line with the design drawings, such as changes, must be resolved in consultation with the design unit.

③ Pipe installation, according to the pipe section divided by the pipe installation diagram, can be installed from one end of the pipe in order to the other end of the pipe accessories, and then set up brackets or supports (if necessary, temporary support is required during the installation process). When the pipe is lifted, the outer wall surface must take protective measures, and direct contact with the wire rope is prohibited, so as not to cause local stress.

④ The connection point of the FRP pipe is only allowed in the straight pipe part. The distance between the butt welding connection point and the edge of the pipe support should be greater than the outer diameter of the pipe and not less than 100mm; the distance between the socket connection and the edge of the pipe support should be greater than 150mm.

⑤ The connection structure of the pipe is in the form of a socket connection, flange connection (welded ring flange connection and composite flat welding flange connection), and butt-welding connection. This project will determine the installation method according to the specific requirements of the design documents.

(6) The installation workers engaged in welding must hold a welder's certificate and be familiar with the performance of FRP/PVC pipe adhesive and its installation method and have skilled PVC welding operation ability.

(7) Before the pipe is connected by socket, the inner wall dirt of the PVC pipe should be removed from the connection, and then the socket should be inserted into the socket, and the socket should not be skewed, cracked or other defects, and the socket depth should be reached before PVC welding is carried out.

⑧ The socket part should be enhanced by FRP, evenly coated with a layer of R glue at the enhancement, coating thickness is uniform, shall not leak and flow, then wrap a layer of glass cloth, coated with unsaturated resin, wrap glass cloth, repeatedly until the thickness reaches the requirements.

⑨ When the socket installation fails to pass the need for rework, the socket plug and socket must be re-made, and shall not use the used socket plug.

⑩ When the flange is connected to the pipe, both inside and outside sides must be welded to the pipe, the flange surface and pipe axis inclination should be less than or equal to 1/100 of the outside diameter of the pipe. flange connection should be strictly aligned, the maximum allowable deviation in the axial direction is not more than 2mm, and the method of strong tightening bolts should not be used to eliminate skew. Tighten the bolts two times, the first time evenly and symmetrically screwed once, and then tighten the bolts again.

 

Three, the production and installation of pipe support and hanger

① The pipe rack made on-site shall be made strictly according to the specification and drawing and painted for protection. For the lug support of the tie rod hanger and spring hanger, it shall be welded and 100% penetration or magnetic particle inspection shall be carried out according to the steel fabrication standard.

② All pipe rack locations should be marked in the single line diagram.

③ When the pipe is installed, the bracket should be fixed and adjusted in time, the bracket position should be accurate, the installation should be flat and firm, and the contact with the pipe should be tight.

④ The fixed bracket shall be installed according to the design document requirements and shall be fixed before the compensator is pre-stretched.

⑤ The sliding surface of the guiding bracket or sliding bracket shall be clean and flat, and shall not be skewed and stuck. Its installation position should be offset from the center of the support surface to the opposite direction, the offset should be 1/2 of the displacement value or in accordance with the design documents, the insulation layer shall not prevent its displacement.

⑥ Pipe installation using a temporary bracket, shall not conflict with the official bracket position and have an obvious mark. It shall be removed after the installation of the pipe is completed.

⑦ FRP/PVC pipe and the pipe frame (including the support) shall not be directly bonded or welded fixed, FRP/PVC pipe fixed pipe frame between the pipe mating parts (pipe card, pipe bracket or pipe clamp) and the outer wall of the pipe, should be padded with rubber blocks or other soft pads of not less than 3mm in thickness.

⑧ After the installation of the pipe is completed, the form and position of the bracket should be checked one by one according to the design documents.

 

Storage of products

(1) The pipe stacking site should be flat and the bottom should be paved with sleepers or straw bags to prevent the pipe from being defiled.

(2) The stacking of pipes should be done by the method of well stacking or single discharge in order, and the stacking height can be done by the method of single discharge in order or well stacking when it is less than 1 meter, and by the method of well stacking when it is more than 1 meter, but the stacking height should not exceed 2 meters. And it should be reinforced with wedges, stakes and cables to prevent the pipe from loose bundles.

 

Above is the detailed introduction about how to connect FRP pipe, please choose Hebei Yongchang Composite Material Technology Co., Ltd. to buy FRP pipe, Our website:www.yongchangfrp.com

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FRP pipes - What are the benefits of using FRP pipes?

 

 

The application and use of underground large-diameter composite pipe have continued to grow since the mid to late 1980s. Technological advances in fiber winding processes, corrosion resistance, education and promotion, and strong market forces have contributed to the popularity of fiberglass pipes.

 

Applications of FRP pipes

The use of FRP piping is increasing day by day due to its high durability, corrosion resistance and moderate strength.FRP piping systems are used in various industries, such as

Drinking water and desalination industries

Chemical, petrochemical, oil and gas industries.

Piping and ventilation ducts

Irrigation and sanitation services

Water distribution and transmission

Slurry pipelines

Power plants, etc.

 

Performance of FRP Pipes

The key properties that make FRP Pipes ideal for various industries around the world are

Excellent corrosion resistance

Excellent strength-to-weight ratio. Note that FRP pipes have a higher strength-to-weight ratio than steel or other metal pipes.

Lightweight for easy handling and transportation.

Dimensional stability

Non-toxic

Low coefficient of friction (>25% better than steel) ensures excellent flow characteristics

Good abrasion resistance

Suitable for above-ground and buried pipes

Resistant to biological attacks such as bacteria

Non-conductive and non-electrically conductive

Low maintenance costs

 

Advantages of FRP pipes

1、Corrosion resistance

FRP pipes have inherent corrosion resistance. In most cases, fiberglass-reinforced plastics are the only materials that can handle certain service environments. In addition, their corrosion resistance is usually combined with their cost advantage, making them the most acceptable solution. The corrosion resistance of glass fiber reinforced plastic pipes is a function of the total resin content and the resin used in the pipe laminate. Therefore, higher resin content means higher corrosion resistance.

 

2、Weight advantage

The low weight to strength ratio of FRP pipe is another significant advantage of FRP pipe. For the same strength, fiberglass reinforced plastic pipe is about half the weight of aluminum and one-seventh that of stainless steel.

Lightweight properties are critical, especially when considering the ease and cost of installing a piping system. The inherent lightweight of FRP pipe is a major advantage when equipment must be installed over existing structures such as roofs or laminated scrubbers.

 

3. Excellent Strength

The high strength of FRP pipe plays an important role in the design of various FRP equipment and in applications such as pultruded profiles. In addition, the combination of high strength and lightweight properties make FRP pipes suitable for fiber-wound ducts and pipes.

 

4. Economical

Lower cost is a major advantage of using FRP piping, as they provide an effective corrosion solution at the lowest cost compared to materials such as titanium, rubber lining and stainless steel. However, the cost advantages of such materials depend largely on design considerations, application, pressures involved, availability, raw material costs and product configuration.

 

5. Flexibility

FRP pipe is versatile in its application but is often overlooked. However, it is important to note that you can use FRP pipe to do things that cannot be done efficiently and economically with other off-the-shelf materials. FRP pipe can be used to mold any equipment or configuration where permanent or temporary molds can be constructed. For example, piping work with FRP pipe is easy because you can make all types of tee inlets, rectangular transitions, round transitions, elbows and flanges at a minimal cost. Glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe can also be used to line new and existing structures.

 

The design of FRP systems has been greatly improved through the use of computer software programs. These programs include, among other things; chemical composition, gas flow analysis, liquid flow analysis, thrust block analysis, free-span analysis and installation information. This was important to ensure that the specific requirements of the different industries were fully met to ensure maximum efficiency of the FRP piping.

 

10 commonly used types of glass fiber reinforced pipes

(1) FRP desulfurization pipe

(2)FRP sand pipe

(3)FRP pressure pipe

(4)FRP cable protection pipe

(5)FRP water pipeline

(6)FRP insulation pipe

(7)FRP ventilation pipe

(8)FRP sewage pipe

(9)FRP top pipe

(10)FRP electrostatic conductive pipe

 

Yongchang is one of the FRP pipe suppliers, producing FRP chemical storage tanks with customization, flexible process, high anti-aging performance and good corrosion resistance, welcome to consult. If you have a product data request, please contact us to send you the complete product data file!

 

What is the Difference between FRP and GRP?

 

 

FRP stands for Fiber Reinforced Plastics, a term commonly used in North America in the U.S. GRP is a term that means the same thing. However, it is commonly used in Europe and Asia to stand for glass-reinforced plastic.

 

Glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP), also known as glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP), is a fiber-reinforced polymer made of a plastic matrix reinforced with fine fibers made of glass. It is also called GFK (for Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff), or simply the name of the reinforcing fiber itself: glass fiber.

 

GRP is a lightweight, strong material with a wide range of uses, including boats, cars, tanks, roofs, pipes and cladding.

 

The plastic matrix can be an epoxy resin, a thermosetting plastic (most commonly polyester or vinyl ester), or a thermoplastic.

 

GRP is a low-end material commonly used as part of showers, swimming pools and flat roofs and should not be confused with FRP. However, it is the same as fiberglass, so if you see these terms used in the future, you will know that they mean the same thing. However, if you see FRP, then you are probably looking at the wrong website unless you plan to build cars or rockets into space.

 

Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP)

Fiber-reinforced polymers/plastics are a recently developed material for reinforcing RC and masonry structures. It is an advanced material and most of the development of its use in structural retrofitting has occurred in the last two decades. The main advantages of FRP are its high strength-to-weight ratio and its high corrosion resistance; FRP sheets are 2 to 10 times stronger than steel sheets and only 20% the weight of steel. However, at present, they are very costly.FRP composites are formed by embedding a continuous fiber matrix into a resin matrix. The resin matrix binds the fibers together and provides the bond between the concrete and the FRP.

 

FRP is a composite material that consists of a thermosetting resin matrix reinforced with fibers. Depending on the application, there are many different types of resins used to make FRPs. these plastic resins can include

Polyurethane, polyester, vinyl ester, epoxy, and phenol-formaldehyde (occasionally).

 

Like all composites, FRPs have advantageous properties that are best suited for the single component they are made from. For example, the fiber reinforcement adds elasticity and strength to a tough but still relatively weak matrix. This combination creates a tougher material that is also durable. This allows it to be turned into a variety of complex structural shapes and platforms or sheets suitable for all applications.

 

Fiber-reinforced plastics are extremely strong, very durable, and super resistant to impacts and dents. They can also handle the harshest climates and environments, especially corrosive environments such as oil rigs. In fact, FRPs have a higher strength-to-weight ratio than metals such as steel or aluminum. This means that it can be as strong as steel while weighing a fraction of what steel does. Because of this, many of DEFI's FRP products are used in the aerospace, marine, ballistic armor and automotive industries.

 

Although they have different uses, both GRP and FRP are "composites", an engineering material, which means they are materials composed of two or more different components. These two components are often described as matrix and reinforcement. In the case of GRP, the matrix is plastic (or polymer) and the reinforcement is glass fiber.

 

The purpose of combining the two materials to form a composite is to obtain the benefits of both. In the case of GRP, it has the lightweight properties of a resin but the robustness of glass fiber. It can also be fused into a variety of different shapes, just like a normal plastic, and remain strong due to the reinforcement of the glass fibers.

 

Composites are often used when addressing specific engineering challenges. While certain materials are typically only seen in high-end applications, more affordable versions (such as GRP versus FRP) can easily be used in residential and even commercial applications.

FRP pipes in the Context of a New Era

Today, fiberglass-reinforced thermoset plastic (FRP) is being used in many industrial product applications, including the storage and transfer of corrosive materials and the handling of other materials in corrosive environments. Although FRP piping is 30 years old, it is a modern product material with many emerging applications that take advantage of its corrosion resistance, strength-to-weight ratio, low maintenance and life-cycle costs. This paper discusses what FRP piping is, its current applications, and emerging technological advances for new applications of FRP piping in petroleum storage and handling facilities.

 

What does fiberglass-reinforced pipe (FRP) mean?

FRP pipes are manufactured by a winding process in which thermosetting epoxy resins are reinforced with continuous glass filaments. As the resins cure, they undergo an irreversible chemical reaction that gives them excellent resistance to temperature changes, while the glass fibers give them excellent mechanical strength. In microchannels, steel casing is used for jacking where significant forces are required. FRP pipe is now widely used for this purpose because the reduced hydraulic jacking forces make it cost-effective and also allow for longer lengths to be installed. FRP can also be used for trenchless repair methods such as sliding. FRP is resistant to corrosion and chemicals, making it an ideal material for pipes carrying such wastewater.

 

Applications of FRP pipes

The use of FRP pipes is increasing day by day due to their high durability, corrosion resistance and moderate strength. FRP piping systems are used in various industries, such as

a. Petroleum, chemical, pharmaceutical and biogas industries: such as chlor-alkali, potassium sulfate fertilizer, paper making and acid regeneration systems.

b. The water treatment industry includes desalination, industrial wastewater treatment output and input, and pure water systems.

c. Liquid transportation industry: urban water supply, urban drainage, irrigation systems.

d. Power industry: flue gas flue, desulfurization system, circulating water, cable pipe, glass fiber reinforced plastic chimney.

e. Environmental protection: sewage odor recovery, workshop waste gas treatment, factory air purification, biogas desulfurization and purification.

f. FRP round pipes are used in petroleum, chemical, mining, metal production, power plants, flue gas desulfurization (FGD), pulp and paper mills, and drainage.

 

The future of FRP piping systems

A. Oil marketing facilities

B. Traditional oil marketing facilities use steel pipes. It is low cost and meets the 2-hour, 2,000 degrees F code requirement for handling flammable and combustible materials. While retail facilities have adapted to advances in new materials (e.g., FRP underground storage tanks, piping and flexible connectors), distribution terminal designers and contractors have been slow to apply non-steel technologies. The following are a few areas where terminal facility designers should consider FRP piping applications.

 

C. Sewer and Drainage.

D. Projects related to pollution prevention include containment, recycling, abatement, and wastewater treatment. Concrete pipelines are not suitable for handling petroleum-related runoff for two reasons: (1) due to the high leakage rate of available pipe connection methods; and (2) steel pipes corrode in the subsurface environment.

E. Large diameter FRP pipelines are available in diameters up to 9 feet and are designed with leak-free joints. As noted above, new pipelines without trenching or sliding lining rehabilitation methods are cost-effective and minimize operational disruption.

 

F. Corrosive chemicals.

G. Today, it is becoming increasingly common to blend automotive fuel additives at terminals. Many of these additives (such as gasoline detergent additives) are corrosive to traditional carbon steel. Mixing systems are located on truck loading racks and underground piping is typically installed underneath the driveway area for FRP piping.

 

H. Fire-Water Protection.

I. Scale from an internal corrosion of steel pipes in fire water protection systems is known to clog nozzles and sprinkler heads. To combat the effects of corrosion and internal scale, metal fire protection systems using untreated water require ongoing maintenance. In untreated or "non-neutral" (i.e., controlled pH) fire protection water systems, it is questionable how much of the metal system is an ineffective operating condition at a given moment.

 

J. FRP refractory systems are under development and should prove cost-effective in certain fire protection applications where firewater corrodes steel, such as ships and offshore rigs.